Grammar · Articles

Using German articles correctly

Articles accompany nouns and show gender, number and case. A few patterns help you choose the correct form.

Level A1–A28 minutesSelf-test included

Known or specific

The definite article

Use der, die and das when a person or thing is known, specific or has already been mentioned.

MasculineFeminineNeuterPlural
Nominativederdiedasdie
Accusativedendiedasdie
Dativedemderdemden

New or unspecified

The indefinite article

ein, eine and ein introduce something new or unspecified. German has no indefinite article in the plural.

  • Ich sehe einen Hund. Der Hund ist freundlich.
  • Sie kauft eine Tasche.
  • Wir brauchen ein Auto.

Negating a noun

kein as negation

kein negates a noun used with an indefinite article or no article. It takes the same endings as ein.

PositiveNegative
ein Hundkein Hund
eine Taschekeine Tasche
ein Autokein Auto
Autoskeine Autos

Without a determiner

The zero article

Professions after sein, substances and general plural nouns often appear without an article.

  • Er ist Lehrer.
  • Ich trinke gern Kaffee.
  • Kinder spielen im Park.

Quick check

Mini self-test

Insert the correct article.