Grammar · Mood

The German Subjunctive I

Subjunctive I is mainly used in reported speech to reproduce a statement without presenting it as your own fact.

Level B2–C19 minutesSelf-test included

Distance from a statement

Reported speech

Subjunctive I shows that you are reporting another person's words. It is particularly common in news reports and formal writing.

  • Direct: Tom sagt: „Ich bin krank.“
  • Reported: Tom sagt, er sei krank.
  • Direct: Mia sagt: „Ich komme später.“
  • Reported: Mia sagt, sie komme später.

Verb stem + ending

Present-tense formation

Most forms use the verb stem plus -e, -est, -e, -en, -et, -en.

Personkommen
ichkomme
dukommest
er / sie / eskomme
wirkommen
ihrkommet
sie / Siekommen

Especially important

Subjunctive I of sein

PersonForm
ichsei
duseiest
er / sie / essei
wirseien
ihrseiet
sie / Sieseien

Keep forms distinct

Subjunctive II as a substitute

If a Subjunctive I form is identical to the indicative, Subjunctive II is often used so that reported speech remains recognisable.

Example

Sie sagen: „Wir kommen.“ → Sie sagen, sie kämen.

Quick check

Mini self-test

Put the verb into Subjunctive I.