Grammar · Complement clauses

Infinitive clauses with zu

An infinitive clause is compact and normally has no separate subject. It ends with zu and the infinitive.

Level B19 minutesSelf-test included

Shared subject

When is an infinitive clause possible?

The infinitive clause has no expressed subject. The person performing the action is usually understood from the main clause.

  • Ich versuche, mehr Deutsch zu sprechen.
  • Mia plant, in Berlin zu studieren.
  • Wir hoffen, die Prüfung zu bestehen.

zu + infinitive

Formation

zu appears directly before the infinitive at the end of the infinitive group.

Pattern

main clause, other elements + zu + infinitive.

Verb / expressionExample
versuchenEr versucht, pünktlich zu kommen.
vergessenSie vergisst, die Tür zu schließen.
Lust habenWir haben Lust, spazieren zu gehen.
es ist wichtigEs ist wichtig, genug zu schlafen.

Prefix + zu + stem

Separable verbs

With separable verbs, zu goes between the prefix and the verb stem.

  • aufstehen → früh aufzustehen
  • einkaufen → heute einzukaufen
  • anrufen → dich anzurufen

Verbs ending in -ieren stay together: zu studieren.

Readability

Commas

A comma is required when the infinitive group begins with um, ohne, statt, anstatt, außer or als, or depends on a noun or referring word. In many other cases an optional comma improves readability.

Quick check

Mini self-test

Form the infinitive with zu.